TECHNOLOGY MEDIA WASTE DESCRIPTION SPEED
CONTAMINANT
METALS
On-Site Analysis of Soils, Al, Au, Ca, Cd, Co, An in-field analyt- Total Cr
Metals in Soils Using Sediments Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, ical method capable analysis
Stripping Voltammetry Pb, Pd, Pt, Ni, Ru, of measuring concen- 8 minutes
Sn, Tc, Th, Ti, trations of selected per sample.
U, Va, Y, Zn trace metals. Other elements
to be determined.
Rapid Geo- Soil Ferrous contaminants Provides high Can collect
physical Surveyor resolution geo- magnetic data
physical data. at rates up to
25,000 data
points per hour.
X-Ray Fluorescence Arid soils Heavy metals, Cr, Measures Spectrum takes
Spectroscopy Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb concentrations about 5 min
of heavy metals depending
in soils. on what is being
looked for and
ORGANICS
Cone Penetrometer Soil Hydrocarbons, A truck mounted Pushes at a
chloro-hydrocarbons, device that rate of 30-40
carbon tetrachloride rapidly penetrates feet per half
the ground to hour except in
collect site data. mixed waste
environments.
Fiber-Optic Sensors Groundwater, VOCs, carbon Optic fibers trans- Not available.
vadose zone, tetrachloride mit probe signals
vapor ex- to remotely located
traction sensors to provide
off-gases a real-time multi-
point monitoring
capability.
HaloSnif Fiber-Optic Air, gases Volatile chlorine A real-time Real-time
Spectro-chemical containing compounds compound class results.
Sensor TCE, PCE, CFCs specific sensor.
Portable Acoustic Soil, vapor, VOCs, TCE, Monitors changes Rapid (2
Wave Sensor water carbon in the speed and seconds) and
tetrachloride, power of a wave continuous
as it travels analysis
across the sensor. possible.
Unsaturated Flow Soil, VOCs Simulates Can achieve
Apparatus vadose zone migration of results in
Centrifuge contaminants of 3 days.
subsurface
environments of arid
sites to obtain
transport data.
RADIOACTIVE
Cone Penetrometer Soil Radionuclides A truck mounted Pushes at a
device that rapidly rate of 30-40
penetrates the feet per half
ground to collect hour except in
site data. mixed waste
environments.
Prompt Fission Soil and Fissile Provides a near- Approximately
Neutron Logging rock sur- materials continuous profile 3 hr are neces-
System rounding a U-235, of contaminants sary to log and
cased Pu-239 as a function of analyze a typical
borehole position along a 100 ft borehole.
borehole.
Rapid Transuranic Soil, air, Pu, Am, Provides rapid Can analyze
Monitoring smears, alpha emitters in-field 100 samples
Unit fallout and entire gamma monitoring per day.
coupons, spectrum from X-rays
filters, to Co-60 and Cs-137
liquids
OTHER/SUPPORT
Advanced In Situ Arid soils, N/A Measures moisture Varies.
Moisture Logging rock content and soil Typically 15 min
System density around per 100 ft of tube.
access tubing.
Broadband Electro- Soil N/A Three dimensional A survey
magnetics for Three characterization requiring detail
Dimensional Site of buried waste. coverage over
Characterization 1/2 acre can be
performed in one day.
Colloidal Borescope Groundwater N/A Direct observation 30 min to
of colloidal size obtain a
particles and measurement.
subsequent ground-
water flow direction
and rate.
Crosswell Seismic Soil or rock N/A Imaging of geology Data collection
Imaging between 1-3 wk.
boreholes non- Interpretation
intrusively. 1-2 mo.
Hybrid Directional Wide range N/A Provides direc- Dependent
Boring and of geologies tional access in on geology.
Horizontal desired Clays - 200 ft/d
Logging locations. Alluvial fills -
100 ft/d.
In Situ Permeable Saturated, N/A Measures full Velocity
Flow Sensor permeable three dimensional measurements
unconsoli- flow velocity vector. in 24-48 h.
dated
materials
Light Duty Utility N/A Underground Provides the N/A
Arm System for Tank storage capability to gather
Characterization tank wastes data on chemical and
physical characteris-
tics in underground
storage tanks.
Microbial Monitoring Soil, N/A Monitors microbial Analysis in
groundwater population changes complete in 2
bioreactors in soil and ground days to 1
water samples. month depending
on technique used.
Rapid Geophysical Soil Buried ferrous Provides high Can collect
Surveyor containers resolution geo- magnetic
physical data. data at rates
up to 25,000 data
points per hour.
Remote Soil N/A Vehicle remotely Vehicle can
Characterization delivers several travel 1 to 6 ft/s.
System geophysical sensors
to a buried waste
site to obtain data.
SEAMIST Borehole Soil, vapor N/A Provides multiple Up to 30 ft/min.
Instrumentation and vapor sampling/
Fluid Sampling System monitoring locations
in a single borehole
for unsaturated zone
and air permeability
measurements.
Slant Angle Sonic Soil, rock N/A A method of rapid Varies depending
Drilling access to the on the type of
subsurface for formation. 1 ft/s
installation of a to 0.5 ft/min.
sloped well using for loose to
resonant drilling. compact
formations
respectively.
Sonic Drilling Vadose zone, N/A An advanced Drills holes
groundwater and improved at double the
drilling technology. rate of a
cable tool.
Unsaturated Flow Soil Wide range of Simulates Can achieve
Apparatus contaminants, water, migration of results in 3 days.
Centrifuge microbial nutrients contaminants of
subsurface envi-
ronments of arid
sites to obtain
transport data.